ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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1406. Markgraf, D.A., “Practical aspects of determining level of corona treatment,” in 1984 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, 507+, TAPPI Press, Aug 1984 (also in 1985 Film Extrusion Conference Proceedings, p. 65+, TAPPI Press, 1985).
1407. Schuelke, G.W., “Modern trends in corona treating,” in 1984 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, 249+, TAPPI Press, Aug 1984.
1543. Spell, H.L., et al, “Surface analysis of corona treated PE...,” in TAPPI 1978 Conference Proceedings, 283+, TAPPI Press, 1978.
1544. Ristey, W.J., et al, “Degradation and surface oxidation of PE...,” in TAPPI 1978 Conference Proceedings, 267+, TAPPI Press, 1978.
1545. Tietje, A., “Corona treating systems for coater-laminators,” in TAPPI 1978 Conference Proceedings, 173+, TAPPI Press, 1978.
1648. Laiho, E., and T. Ylanen, “Flame, corona, ozone - do we need all pretreatments in extrusion coating?,” in 1997 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, Aug 1997.
1661. Tuominen, M., and J. Kuusipalo, “The effects of flame treatment on clay coated paperboard in extrusion coating,” in 2005 European PLACE Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, 2005.
1667. Eckert, W., “Improvement of adhesion on polymer film, foil and paperboard by flame treatment,” in 2003 European PLACE Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, 2003.
1810. Nickerson, R., “Plasma surface modification for cleaning and adhesion,” in 1998 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, Sep 1998.
1984. Richards, S., “The effects of surface treatment on heat seal and hot tack,” Presented at TAPPI International Flexible Packaging & Extrusion Division Conference, Apr 2018.
2040. Mancinelli, S., “Flame treatment technology for converting industry,” in 2014 PLACE Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, May 2014.
2066. Tuominen, M., J. Lahti, and J. Kuusipalo, “Atmospheric plasma treatment equipment and its utilisation in paper converting,” in 2008 Advanced Coating Fundamentals Symposium Proceedings, TAPPI Press, 2008.
2207. Wolf, R.A., “Effect of the electrical conductivities of corona discharge ground rolls on surface treatment,” in 2016 PLACE Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, 2016.
2208. Weber. R., “Corona experiences on paper and cardboard,” in 11th European PLACE Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, May 2007.
2209. Vangeneugden, D., “Cold atmospheric plasma technology for surface pretreatment and coating,” in 11th European PLACE Conference Proceedings, 0, TAPPI Press, May 2007.
2210. Lahti, J., and M. Tuominen, “The effects of corona and flame treatment I: PE-LD coated packaging board,” in 11th European PLACE Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, May 2007.
The most important function of a packaging material is to shield the product inside the package. Extrusion coated paperboard is generally used in food, medical and cosmetic packages. Extrusion coatings give a barrier against water, water vapour, aroma, grease, oxygen, etc. In addition to barrier properties, heat sealability and printability are important properties in packaging applications. From point of view of printing, the dense and impervious structure of extrusion coatings is challenging: printing inks and toners do not penetrate into the coatings. The durability of the printed image is significant, because the image must withstand various converting operations when the package is constructed. The most common method for obtaining good ink adhesion is to oxidize the surface. Surface treatments are used to change the chemical composition, increase the surface energy, modify the crystalline morphology and surface topography, or remove the contaminants and weak boundary layers. Two widely used methods are electrical corona discharge treatment and flame treatment. These processes generally cause physical or chemical changes in a thin surface layer without affecting the bulk properties. Treatments will increase surface energy and also provide polar molecular groups necessary for good bonds between ink and polymer molecules. In addition to printability, surface treatments also affect the heat sealing properties of extrusion coatings. In this study, the surface chemistry of the extrusion coatings has been modified with corona and flame treatments. The effect of corona and flame treatment on surface energy has been evaluated with contact angle measurements. Surface energy has the habit of decreasing with time after treatment. In this work, the decay of surface energy and surface oxidation is followed for six months. ESCA and FTIR-ATR have been used to analyze oxidation and the surface chemical composition. Furthermore, the heat sealing and hot tack properties of the extrusion coatings are evaluated. The aim of this study is also to evaluate printability of extrusion coatings and to map out the role of surface modification in print quality formation. This study has concentrated on digital printing, particularly on dry toner-based electrophotographic printing process.
2212. Nolan, M.D., S. Greig, and N. Jadon, “Corona, ozone and flame treaters for extrusion coating lines,” in 2001 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, Sep 2001.
2214. Wolf, R.A., “Substrate secrets: New printing adhesion improvements using Atmospheric Plasma Glow Discharge technology,” in 2005 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 667-670, TAPPI Press, Sep 2005.
2566. Cushing, G., “Balancing adhesion and slip properties in aqueous heat seal coatings,” in 2008 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 53-60, TAPPI Press, Sep 2008.
2567. Mandolini, P., “Polarized flame treatment for BOPP and CPP films and comparison with other treatment methods,” in 2008 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 710-714, TAPPI Press, Sep 2008.
2568. Lahti, J., M. Tuominen, and J. Kuusipalo, “The influence of atmospheric plasma treatment on digital print quality of extrusion coated paper,” in 2008 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 767-778, TAPPI Press, Sep 2008.
2569. Bodine, J., “Over-treatment of PET - fact or fiction (part 1): A study of the following variables: watt density, corona dwell time, film selection, dyne level and water soak bond strength,” in 2008 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 794-801, TAPPI Press, Sep 2008.
2571. Schubert, G., “Adhesion to foil: More than just a one-sided story,” in 2008 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 1123-1152, TAPPI Press, Sep 2008.
2576. Cernakova, L., P. Stahel, C. Kovacik, K. Johansson, and M. Cernak, “Low-cost high-speed plasma treatment of paper surfaces,” in Proceedings of the 9th TAPPI Advanced Coating Fundamentals Seminar, 7-17, TAPPI Press, 2006.
2583. Halle, R.W., “Polymer and processing parameters influencing the heat sealability of polyethylene,” in 1989 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, 799-806, TAPPI Press, 1989.
2742. Weber, R., “Saturation phenomena in conjunction with corona treatment on different substrates,” in 2005 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 1213-1216, TAPPI Press, Sep 2005.
2743. DiGiacomo, J.D., and D. Medina, “Flame plasma surface treating system applied to a high speed coating line,” in 2005 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 578-590, TAPPI Press, Sep 2005.
2744. Eckert, W., “Printing on metalized polymer-paperboard compounds: Improvement of adhesion by optimized flame plasma pre-treatment,” in 2005 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 591-595, TAPPI Press, Sep 2005.
2745. Wolf, R.A., “Troubleshooting corona treatment issues,” in 2006 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 387-388, TAPPI Press, Sep 2006.
2746. Wolf, R.A., and R.E. Elwanger, “Clear barrier at atmospheric pressure,” in 2006 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 487-489, TAPPI Press, Sep 2006.
2747. Allen, R., “How to obtain good adhesion of extruded polypropylene to film and foil substrates by using ozone and primers,” in 2006 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 1354-1359, TAPPI Press, Sep 2006.
2748. Culbertson, E., “Metal adhesion to PET film,” in 2007 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 243-246, TAPPI Press, Sep 2007.
2749. Wolf, R.A., and A.C. Sparavigna, “Modifying surface features: Extrusion coating and laminating,” in 2007 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 881-884, TAPPI Press, Sep 2007.
Extrusion coating, lamination and film lamination give rise to complex manufacturing techniques which allow a converter to make high-performance packaging films. The physical properties and the related performance characteristics of composites obtained by extrusion coating and lamination can be comparable to that produced by film lamination. This is not surprising since many of the major components involved by these techniques in the production of the final composites are also the same. The paper examines how the use of ozone combined with corona discharge compares to ozone combined with atmospheric plasma relative to seal strength for these composite film constructions, and suggests a direction for future improvements in seal strength.
2750. Wolf, R.A., “Clear barrier at atmospheric pressure - the second phase,” in 2007 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 1271-1276, TAPPI Press, Sep 2007.
2751. Smallshaw, J., “Corona treating and the printing process,” in 1999 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, Sep 1999.
2752. Ping-yi Tsai, P., “Mechanism of corona electrostatic charging of nonwoven webs,” in 1994 Nonwovens Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, 1994.
2754. Kuusipalo, J., and A. Savolainen, “Adhesion in extrusion coating with polypropylene,” in 1993 Polymers, Coatings and Laminations Conference Proceedings, 469-478, TAPPI Press, Aug 1993.
2755. Jadon, N., and M.D. Nolan, “Exploring the benefits of newly developed adhesion promotion methods,” in 1998 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, 1109-1118, TAPPI Press, Sep 1998.
2756. Lahti, J., “The role of surface properties in digital printing on extrusion coated paperboard,” in Proceedings of the 9th TAPPI Advanced Coating Fundamentals Symposium, TAPPI Press, 2006.
2757. Weber, R., “Saturation phenomena in conjunction with corona treatment on different substrates,” in 2005 European PLACE Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, 2005.
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