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ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography

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698. Nimmer, T.J., and R. Young, “An overview of surface treatment for three-dimensional objects,” ScreenPrinting, 93, 42-45, (Apr 2003).

1825. Thomas, M., and K.L. Mittal, eds., Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers, Scrivener, 2013.

2492. Dubreuil, M., E. Bongaers, and D. Vandgeneugden, “Adhesion improvement of polypropylene through aerosol assisted plasma deposition at atmospheric pressure,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers: Relevance to Adhesion, M. Thomas and K.L. Mittal, eds., 275-298, Scrivener, 2013.

2489. Inagaki, N., “Selective surface modification of polymeric materials by atmospheric-pressure plasmas: Selective substitution reactions on polymer surfaces by different plasmas,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers: Releance to Adhesion, M. Thomas and K.L. Mittal, eds., 83-156, Scrivener, 2013.

2490. Moreno-Couranjou, M., N.D. Boscher, D. Duday, R. Maurau, E. Lecoq, and P. Choquet, “Atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization surface treatments by dielectric barrier discharge for enhanced polymer-polymer and metal-polymer adhesion,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers: Relevance to Adhesion, M. Thomas and K.L. Mittal, eds., 219-250, Scrivener, 2013.

2493. Rodriguez-Santiago, V., A.A. Bujanda, K.E. Strawhecker, and D.D. Pappas, “The effect of helium-air, helium-water vapor, helium-oxygen, and helium-nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasmas on the adhesion strength of polyethylene,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers, M. Thomas and K.L. Mittal, eds., 299-314, Scrivener, 2013.

2488. Simor, M., and Y. Creyghton, “Treatment of polymer surfaces with surface dielectric barrier discharge plasmas,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers: Relevance to Adhesion, M. Thomas and K.L. Mittal, eds., 27-82, Scrivener, May 2013.

2491. Thomas, M., M. Eichler, K. Lachmann, J. Borris, A. Hinze, and C.-P. Klages, “Adhesion improvement by nitrogen functionalization of polymers using DBD-based plasma,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers: Relevance to Adhesion, M. Thomas and K.L. Mittal, eds., 251-274, Scrivener, May 2013.

2494. Tuominen, M., J. Lavonen, H. Teisala, M. Stepien, and J. Kuusipalo, “Atmospheric plasma treatment in extrusion coating, part 1: Surface wetting and LDPE adhesion to paper,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers: Relevance to Adhesion, M. Thomas and K.L. Mittal, eds., 329-354, Scrivener, May 2013.

2495. Tuominen, M., J. Lavonen, J. Lahti, and J. Kuusipalo, “Atmospheric plasma treatment in extrusion coating, part 2: Surface modification of LDPE and PP coated papers,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers: Relevance to Adhesion, Thomas, M., and K.L. Mittal, 355-382, Scrivener, May 2013.

2487. Wolf, R.A., Atmospheric Pressure Plasma for Surface Modification, Scrivener, 2013.

824. Ismail, M.F., A. Baldygin, T. Willers, and P.R. Waghmare, “Optical contact angle measurement considering spreading, evaporation and reactive substrate,” in Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion (Vol. 3), K.L. Mittal, ed., 59-79, Scrivener, Feb 2018.

Recent advances in surface science have led to a broad interest in wetting and/or spreading characterization of solid surfaces. Wettability of a solid surface can be defined as the tendency of a liquid to spread over the surface which is measured in terms of an angle, ie, contact angle between the tangent drawn at the triple point between the two phases (liquid and vapor) and the substrate surface. Reproducible and accurate measurements of the contact angle from the experiments are crucial in order to analyze the spreading behavior of a substrate. Spreading is greatly affected by different factors including liquid properties, substrate properties, and system/operating conditions. Here, different types of spreading phenomena in terms of drop evaporation on reactive/non-reactive surfaces and correct measures to obtain accurate contact angles in such scenarios are presented.

619. Schmitt, M., M. Schmitt, M. Schmitt, and F. Heib, “A more appropriate procedure to measure and analyse contact angles/drop shape behaviours,” in Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion (Vol. 3), K.L. Mittal, ed., 1-57, Scrivener, Feb 2018.

Surface science, which comprises the preparation, development and analysis of surfaces, is of utmost importance in both fundamental and applied sciences as well as in engineering and industrial research. During our research in the field of coatings/surfaces and coating materials, the analyses of wetting of coating materials and the coatings themselves led us to the field of dynamically performed drop shape analysis. We focussed our research efforts on the main problem of the surface science community, which is to determine the correct and valid definition and measurement of contact angles. So we developed the high-precision drop shape analysis (HPDSA) and three statistical contact angle determination procedures. HPDSA involves complex transformation of images from dynamic sessile drop experiments to x-y-coordinates and opens up the possibility of a physically meaningful calculation of curvature radii. This calculation of radii is the first step to an “assumption-free” link to the Laplace equation, which can deepen the understanding of the interface between the liquid and the vapour in relation to different properties and conditions (temperature, experimental technique, surface, etc.). The additional benefit of a tangent-free calculation of contact angles is presented in our 2014 and 2016 published papers. To fulfil the dire need for a reproducible contact angle determination/definition, we developed three procedures, namely, overall, global, and individual statistical analyses, which are based on, but not restricted to, HPDSA . . .

957. Etzler, F.M., “Determination of the surface free energy of solid surfaces: Statistical considerations,” in Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Vol. 3, K.L. Mittal, ed., 299-329, Scrivener, Feb 2018.

979. Terpilowski, K., D. Rymuszka, O. Goncharuk, and L. Yakovenko, “Equilibrium contact angle and determination of apparent surface free energy using hysteresis approach on rough surfaces,” in Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion (Vol. 3), K.L. Mittal, ed., 331-347, Scrivener, Feb 2018.

For determination of wettability of rough surfaces using the contact angle hysteresis approach and equilibrium contact angles, some new surfaces with controlled roughness were prepared. The influence of the binder nature and size of primary particles of silica powders on surface roughness and wettability of the newlydeveloped films was investigated using optical microscopy, profilometry, SEM and measurement of contact angles of water. Using the silicate binder and silica powders with primary particles of 9 nm, 40 nm and 4 μm, surface hierarchical structures were obtained. The maximal value of the roughness parameter Rq= 366.3 nm was obtained for the sample with silica microparticles of 4 μm. Wettability of the synthesized films was determined mostly by the binder crystals formed on the surface and their ability to interact with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). It is well characterised by equilibrium contact angles.

2019. Etzler, F.M., “Determination of the surface free energy of solid surfaces:Can the best model be found,” in Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion (Vol. 4), K.L. Mittal, ed., 73-98, Scrivener, Oct 2019.

In order to determine the surface free energy of a solid, it is necessary to measure contact angles of a variety of liquids on a given solid. The models investigated, here, include those proposed by Zisman, Kwok and Neumann; Owens and Wendt; van Oss, Chaudhury and Good, as well as Chen and Chang. In this chapter, the relative merits of these models are explored. The use of an overdetermined data set allows one to assess the statistical quality of the model and the estimated parameters. Liquids that show unusual behaviors (eg stick-slip) are unsuitable for determination of surface free energy. In this work, it will not be possible to examine the quality of each contact angle measurement. Rather, a relative assessment of various models is made. The results reported here indicate that no more than two adjustable parameters can be statistically justified. The Zisman, Kwok-Neumann models and a version of the van Oss, Chaudhury and Good model where the value of γ+ for the solid surface equals zero appear to be statistically viable. γ+ is the parameter that assesses the acidic character of the surface. These models yield similar values for the total surface free energy of the polymer surfaces.

2969. Shiomura, N., T. Sekine, and D. Yang, “Contact angle hysteresis of pressure-sensitive adhesives due to adhesion tension relaxation,” in Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion (Vol 4), K.L. Mittal, ed., 223-237, Scrivener, Oct 2019.

In this paper, several acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were studied through adhesion tension relaxation (ATR) technique introduced by Kasemura and Takahashi. These acrylic PSA samples were also analyzed through static contact angle, surface free energy, dynamic contact angle hysteresis, and peel force measurements. The study has shown that the acrylic PSAs are multicomponent polymeric systems which reorient their surface segments so as to minimize interfacial tension in response to environmental changes. Therefore, it is important to consider the mobility of the surface segments of PSAs in understanding their contact angle hysteresis. Further, the ATR technique has proven to be useful in estimating such mobility.

3024. Breedveld, V., and D.W. Hess, “Modification of paper/cellulose surfaces to control liquid wetting and adhesion,” in Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion (Vol. 2), K.L. Mittal, ed., 365-377, Scrivener, Sep 2015.

Cellulose is a biodegradable, renewable, flexible, inexpensive biopolymer that is abundant in nature. However, due to its hydrophilicity, applications of cellulose (paper) in the handling of liquids are severely limited. Appropriate plasma-or glow discharge-assisted processing sequences can be used to modify the surface of cellulose/paper so that the interaction of liquids with these surfaces can be altered. In particular, nanostructures associated with crystalline regions of cellulose fibers can be uncovered by plasma-enhanced etching; subsequent plasma-enhanced fluorocarbon film deposition (~ 100 nm) converts the surface into a superhydrophobic (static water contact angle> 150o; receding contact angle< 8o) state. Similar results can be obtained by depositing diamond-like carbon films on the plasmaetched surface, in spite of the inherently hydrophilic nature of diamond-like carbon itself. In addition, droplet adhesion and mobility can be controlled; depending on the etch cycle parameters, the paper surface can be rendered ‘roll-off’or ‘sticky’superhydrophobic. Use of a commercial printer to generate hydrophobic ink patterns on superhydrophobic paper surfaces allows controlled movement, transfer and storage of water or other aqueous liquids on the paper surface. These basic functionalities can be combined to design simple two-dimensional lab-on-paper (LOP) devices. Finally, by controlling both the cellulose fiber size and spacing, and depositing a fluorocarbon film, paper surfaces can be rendered superomniphobic, repelling both polar and apolar liquids.

912. Fogarty, W., “Wetting tension test kits,” Select Industrial Systems, 1991.

2186. Sparavigna, A.C., and R.A. Wolf, “Glow discharges for textiles: Atmospheric plasma technologies for textile industry,” Selezione Tessile, 40-44, (Sep 2005).

1346. Greig, S., “Web Treatment - Going Solventless,” Sherman Treaters Ltd., 2005.

605. Yializis, A., S.A. Pirzada, and W. Decker, “Atmospheric Plasma Treatment of Polymer Films,” Sigma Technologies, 2001.

2573. Mix, R., H. Yin, J.F. Friedrich, and A. Rau, “Polypropylene-aluminum adhesion by aerosol based DBD treatment of foils,” in Proceedings of the Third Asian Conference on Adhesion, 28-31, Society for Adhesion and Adhesives, 2009.

2789. De Rossi, U., O. Bolender, and B. Domanski, “Dynamic surface tension of UV-curable inkjet inks,” in NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference on Digital Printing Technologies, 788-792, Society for Imaging Science and Technology, Jan 2004.

28. Blitshteyn, M., “Overview of technologies for surface treatment of polymers for automotive applications,” in International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, MI, Mar 1-5, 1993, Society of Automotive Engineers, Mar 1993.

This article reviews theoretical and practical aspects of electrical discharge plasma treatment for automotive parts at atmospheric pressure. Paints and bonding compounds adhere poorly to polyolefins because of their intrinsic non-polar chemical structure. Therefore, these materials require pretreatment before bonding and finishing to improve their adhesive properties. The electrical discharge plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure offers several advantages to automotive suppliers, such as the high treatment level, its repeatability and cost effectiveness, versatility of in-line processing, and the environmentally-safe nature of the process. Despite its increasing use, industry standards for surface treatment of plastic pa* have not been developed.

81. DiGiacomo, J.D., and H.T. Lindland, “Flame treatment of polyolefin,” in Finishing '91, Society of Mechanical Engineers, Sep 1991.

199. Kolluri, O.S., S.L. Kaplan, and P.W. Rose, “Gas plasma and the treatment of advanced fibers,” in SPE Advanced Polymer Composites Conference Proceedings 1988, Society of Plastics Engineers, Nov 1988.

204. Kutsch, W.P., “Hot stamping applications and critical surface tension in the plastic industry,” in SPE Decorating Div. RETEC 1993, Society of Plastics Engineers, Oct 1993.

305. Rosenthal, L.A., “Corona discharge electrode concepts in film surface treatment,” in ANTEC 1980 Proceedings, 671-674, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1980.

418. Bataille, P., N. Belgacem, and S. Sapieha, “Properties of cellulose-polypropylene compounds subjected to corona treatment,” in ANTEC '93, 325-329, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1993.

420. Bergbreiter, D.E., et al, “New approaches in polymer surface modification,” in ANTEC 95, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.

424. Blitshteyn, M., “Surface treatment of polyolefin parts with electrical discharge,” in Decorating Div. ANTEC, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.

436. Chang, T.C., and B.Z. Jang, “Plasma treatments of carbon fibers in polymer composites,” in ANTEC 90, 1257-1260, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1990.

437. Chen, J., and H.L. Ren, “Research of instable interface mechanism in coextrusion,” in ANTEC 89, 206-211, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1989.

448. Davidson, R., “Gas phase modification of PP and PET surfaces,” in Decorating Div. ANTEC 1995, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.

449. Demarquette, N.R., et al, “Interfacial tension between polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS): experimental and theoretical evaluation,” in ANTEC 97, Society of Plastics Engineers, Apr 1997.

451. DiGiacomo, J.D., “Flame plasma applications: surface preparation techniques,” in Decorating Div. ANTEC 1995, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.

453. Dontula, N., C.L. Weitzsacker, and L.T. Drzal, “Surface activation of polymers using ultraviolet light activation,” in ANTEC 97, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1997.

491. Jalbert, C., et al, “The effects of end groups on surface and interface properties,” in ANTEC 95, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.

499. Kamusewitz, H., et al, “How do contact angles reflect adsorption phenomena?,” in ANTEC 95, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.

 

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