Accudynetest logo

Products available online direct from the manufacturer

ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography

Provided as an information service by Diversified Enterprises.

3043 results returned
showing result page 60 of 77, ordered by
 

2133. no author cited, “Treater roll maintenance considerations,” http://www.empiretreaterrolls.com, 2007.

2179. Wolf, R.A., and A.C. Sparavigna, “Modifying the surface features I: Extruded films,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 64, 22-30, (2007).

2532. Vesel, A., M. Mozetic, A. Hladnik, J. Dolenc, J. Zule, S. Milosevic, et al, “Modification of ink-jet paper by oxygen-plasma treatment,” J. Physics D: Applied Physics, 40, 3689-3696, (2007).

A study on oxygen-plasma treatment of ink-jet paper is presented. Paper was exposed to a weakly ionized, highly dissociated oxygen plasma with an electron temperature of 5 eV, a positive-ion density of 8 × 1015 m−3 and a density of neutral oxygen atoms of 5 × 1021 m−3. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was applied as a method for detection of the reaction products during the plasma treatment of the paper. OES spectra between 250 and 1000 nm were measured continuously during the plasma treatment. The wettability of the samples before and after the plasma treatment was determined by measuring the contact angle of a water drop. The appearance of the surface-functional groups was determined by using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while changes in the surface morphology were monitored with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Already after 1 s of the plasma treatment the surface, which was originally hydrophobic, changed to hydrophilic, as indicated by a high absorption rate of a water drop into the paper. The OES showed a rapid increase of the CO and OH bands for the first few seconds of the plasma treatment, followed by a slow decrease during the next 40 s. The intensity of the O atom line showed reversed behaviour. The XPS analyses showed a gradual increase of oxygen-rich functional groups on the surface, while SEM analyses did not show significant modification of the morphology during the first 10 s of the plasma treatment. The results were explained by degradation of the alkyl ketene dimer sizing agent during the first few seconds of the oxygen-plasma treatment.

2570. Wolf, R.A., “Advances in adhesion with CO2-based atmospheric pressure plasma surface modification,” in ANTEC Conference Proceedings, SPE, 2007 (also in 2008 PLACE Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, p. 834-838, Sep 2008).

The use of gas and/or liquid-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) with atmospheric plasma discharge surface pretreatment technology can remove micron and submicron particulates and hydrocarbon-based contaminations on plastics and metals. The cleaning process is based upon the expansion of either liquid or gaseous carbon dioxide through an orifice. The paper provides an understanding of the basic removal mechanism and provides experimental evidence of remarkable adhesion improvements relative to a broad range of applications in electrical, medical, and automotive manufacturing communities.

2579. Tuominen, M., “Adhesion in LDPE coated paperboard (Lic. thesis),” Tampere University of Technology, 2007.

2690. no author cited, “Technical background/Substrate wetting additives,” Evonik Industries, 2007.

2734. Laimer, J., and H. Stori, “Recent advances in the research on non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jets,” Plasma Processes and Polymers, 4, 266-274, (2007).

Recently, there has been increased interest in using atmospheric pressure plasmas for materials processing, since these plasmas do not require expensive vacuum systems. However, APGDs face instabilities. Therefore, special plasma sources have been developed to overcome this obstacle, which make use of DC, pulsed DC and AC ranging from mains frequency to RF. Recently, the APPJ was introduced, which features an α-mode of an RF discharge between two bare metallic electrodes. Basically, three different geometric configurations have been developed. A characterization of the APPJs and their applications is presented.

2786. Jarnstrom, J., B. Grandqvist, M. Jarn, C.-M. Tag, and J.B. Rosenholm, “Alternative methods to evaluate the surface energy components of ink-jet paper,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 294, 46-55, (2007).

The surface free energy is an essential paper property affecting liquid/ink interaction with the ink-jet paper surface. Different ways of calculating surface energy components for ink-jet papers is introduced. The results given by the very useful van Oss–Chaudhury–Good (vOCG) bi-bidentate model are compared with simpler mono-bidentate and mono-monodentate models. The unbalance in the acid–base (AB) values of the vOCG-model is compensated for, and occasional negative roots obtained are removed when applying the simpler mono-bidentate- and mono-monodentate models. The simple and elegant mono-monodentate model produces comparable values with the other models, and is thus recommended. The calculated percent work of adhesion between the probe liquids and substrates correlates well with surface energy component values. Also the percent work of adhesion between the inks and substrates correlates with surface energy values.

2967. Su, C.H., T.H. Chen, S.H. Yang, C.H. Liu, S. Lin, J.T. Teng, and H. Chen, “Surface properties of polypropylene treated using atmospheric pressure plasma jet,” in Proceedings of the 35th International MATADOR Conference, S. Hinduja and K.-C. Fan, eds., 29-32, Springer, 2007.

Polypropylene (PP) films have been widely used in many industrial areas, such as for protective overcoats and food packaging. However, PP film’s hydrophobic surface properties induce poor wettability and adhesion; these properties have restrained the application of these films. Many surface modification techniques like wet-chemical treatment, UV irradiation, and plasma (including the atmospheric-pressure plasma, APP) treatment have been applied to films to enhance their hydrophilic properties. Among these technologies, APP treatment has attracted much attention due to its dry process, low vacuum equipment cost, and high productivity. In this study, the influence of process parameters would be the reactive gas ratio of plasma. To enhance its surface characteristics, treatment of PP film’s surface by APP was investigated. The XPS, OES, contact angle analyzer, SEM and AFM were used to examine the effect of process variables on film surface characteristics. It was found that Ar plasma mixing with oxygen has a better lasting aging effect. Moreover, the roughness of films is slightly changed after treatment. Through XPS analysis, we observed that the O/C ratio of PP decreases with an increased exposure time in air. Finally, the relationship among the aging time, surface energy, and roughness of the film was also investigated.

2976. Wolf, R.A., A.C. Sparavigna, and R. Ellwanger, “Modifying the surface features IV: Clear barrier films,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 67, 72-85, (2007).

3016. Zenkiewicz, M., “Methods for the calculation of surface free energy of solids,” J. Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 24, 137-145, (2007).

1521. Smith, M., “Think ahead, treat it right,” Package Printing, 54, 28-30, (Jan 2007).

1522. Snyder, J.M., I.K. Meier, and J. Whitehead, “New additive technologies for fountain solutions,” Ink Maker, 85, 28-33, (Jan 2007).

1531. Bishop, C.A., “Question re loss of dyne level,” http://www.vacuumcoatingblog.co.uk, Jan 2007.

1532. Sabreen, S.R., “Question: flame plasma surface treatment,” Plastics Decorating, 45-46, (Jan 2007).

1535. Petrie, E.M., “Surfaces and surface preparation,” in Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants, 2nd Ed., 227-275, McGraw-Hill, Jan 2007.

1924. Bhurke, A.S., P.A. Askeland, and L.T. Drzal, “Surface modification of polycarbonate by ultraviolet radiation and ozone,” J. Adhesion, 83, 43-66, (Jan 2007).

The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the presence of ozone as a surface treatment for polycarbonate is examined in regards to changes in the wettability, adhesion, and surface mechanical properties. Standalone, 175-µm-thick films of a commercially available polycarbonate were exposed to UV radiation from sources of different power with various treatment times in the presence of supplemental ozone. Significant decreases in the water contact angle were observed after exposure to UV radiation in the presence of ozone. After several variations in the experimental setup, it was determined that the change in water contact angle is a function of the UV irradiance and the work of adhesion follows a master curve versus UV irradiance. Nanoindentation experiments revealed that the modulus of the top 500 nm of the surface is increased following UV exposure, attributable to surface cross-linking. Adhesion tests to the surface (conducted by a pneumatic adhesion tensile test instrument) showed little change as a function of UV exposure. Analysis of adhesion test failure surfaces with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed the locus of bond failure lay within the bulk polycarbonate and the measured bond strength is limited by the bulk properties of the polycarbonate and/or the creation of a weak boundary layer within the polymer.

2051. Thurston, R.M., J.D. Clay, and M.D. Schulte, “Effect of atmospheric plasma treatment on polymer surface energy and adhesion,” J. Plastic Film and Sheeting, 23, 63-78, (Jan 2007).

This study describes experiments to quantify polymer surface energy changes after exposure to atmospheric plasma. Atmospheric plasma treatment permits surface functionalization at near-ambient temperatures. Polyethylene and polystyrene are treated with an atmospheric plasma unit. The increased surface energy and improved wetting characteristics lead to a significant adhesion improvement with adhesives that cannot be used without surface treatment.

2134. no author cited, “The gentle art of pretreating,” Coating, 20-24, (Jan 2007).

2136. Palm, P., “Corona treatment for any material thickness,” Kunststoffe International, 66-68, (Jan 2007).

2275. Masutani, Y., N. Nagai, S. Fujita, M. Hayashi, M. Kogoma, and K. Tanaka, “Formation of highly-releasing PET surfaces by atmospheric pressure glow plasma fluorination and surface roughening,” Plasma Processes and Polymers, 4, 41-47, (Jan 2007).

Combined surface treatments using plasma fluorination and surface roughening were applied to investigate whether they could increase the peel property of PET beyond the value needed for use as a release coating of pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes. The peel strength of PET treated with CF4/He APG plasmas decreased to approximately 100 N · m−1, but not quite to the ideal value of PTFE, 20 N · m−1. We also prepared PET with a rough surface (matte PET) to examine the effect of surface roughening. The matte PET peel strengths were decreased by plasma fluorination; the roughest matte PET showed even lower peel strength than PTFE. We conclude that the combined treatments could be effective in the formation of a surface with high peel property on PET.

2429. Petrie, E.M., “Determining the critical surface tension of solid substrates,” http://www.specialchem4adhesives.com/home/editorial.aspx?id=1785, Jan 2007.

1533. Starov, V.M., “Surface forces and wetting phenomena,” in Colloid Stability: The Role of Surface Forces - Part II, Vol. 2, T.F. Tadros, ed., 85-108, Wiley-VCH, Feb 2007.

1534. Churaev, N.V., and V.D. Sobolev, “Physical chemistry of wetting phenomena,” in Colloid Stability: The Role of Surface Forces - Part II, Vol. 2, T.F. Tadros, ed., 127-152, Wiley-VCH, Feb 2007.

1640. Cui, N.-Y., C.A. Anderson, B.J. Meenan, and N.M.D. Brown, “Surface oxidation of a Melinex 800 PET polymer material modified by an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurement,” Applied Surface Science, 253, 3865-3871, (Feb 2007).

Surface properties of a Melinex 800 PET polymer material modified by an atmospheric-pressure air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) have been studied using X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement. The results show that the material surface treated by the DBD was modified significantly in chemical composition, with the highly oxidised carbon species increasing as the surface processing proceeds. The surface hydrophilicity was dramatically improved after the treatment, with the surface contact angle reduced from 81.8° for the as-supplied sample to lower than 50° after treatment. Post-treatment recovery effect is found after the treated samples were stored in air for a long period of time, with the ultimate contact angles, as measured, being stabilised in the range 58–69° after the storage, varying with the DBD-treatment power density. A great amount of the C–O type bonding formed during the DBD treatment was found to be converted into the CDouble BondO type during post-treatment storage. A possible mechanism for this bond conversion has been suggested.

2904. Zenkiewicz, M., “Comparative study on the surface free energy of a solid calculated by different methods,” Polymer Testing, 26, 14-19, (Feb 2007).

2994. Park, W.J., S.G. Yoon, W.S. Jung, and D.H. Yoon, “Effect of dielectric barrier discharge on surface modification characteristics of polyimide film,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 201, 5017-5020, (Feb 2007).

1562. Gao, L., and T.J. McCarthy, “Ionic liquids are useful contact angle probe liquids,” J. American Chemical Society, 129, 3804-3805, (Mar 2007) (also in PMSE Preprints, V. 97, p. 534-535, Apr 2007).

Contact angle behavior of four relatively high surface tension ionic liquids (1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium fluoroborate, and bis(hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium methane sulfonate) was studied on seven hydrophobic surfaces and compared with water contact angle behavior. Smooth surfaces of various chemical compositions exhibit contact angles with ionic liquids that are lower than values obtained with water and that scale with liquid surface tension values. Contact angles of ionic liquids on rough perfluoroalkyl surfaces exhibit the highest contact angles reported for liquids other than water and are indistinguishable from those of water and not dependent on liquid surface tension. Superhydrophobic methylsilicone surfaces that exhibit high water contact angles and low hysteresis exhibit very low receding contact angles with ionic liquid probe fluids and high hysteresis. The potential for ionic liquids as probe fluids is argued because of their variable and controllable surface tension, interface charge density, interface dipole density, as well as their variable and controllable cation/anion structure and molecular volume.

1569. Graham, W.G., “Plasma science and technology,” in Plasma Technologies for Textiles, R. Shishoo, ed., 1-24, Woodhead Publishing, Mar 2007.

1570. Bradley, J.W., and P.M. Bryant, “The diagnosis of plasmas used in the processing of textiles and other materials,” in Plasma Technologies for Textiles, R. Shishoo, ed., 25-63, Woodhead Publishing, Mar 2007.

Plasma diagnostic tools are an essential element towards the proper understanding and development of technological plasmas. Knowledge of the particle densities and energies in the bulk and at boundaries, the electrical potentials and the spatial and temporal evolution of these parameters allow technologists to operate plasmas in the most efficient way and allow the intrinsic plasma processes to be tailored to suit a particular application. There are many different diagnostic tools that can be used, depending on the type of plasma under investigation and the specific information that is required. Here, we have chosen to highlight four techniques frequently used in both academia and industrial settings. The first of these is the interpretation of the driving current and voltage waveforms. These measurements do not affect the plasma and can yield useful information on the major processes in the discharge. The second is electrical probing which, by their nature, are intrusive, since their presence affects the plasma under investigation. Their use is usually confined to low-pressure and low-temperature plasmas in which the heat flux will not destroy the integrity of the probe. The third area is mass spectrometry, which is most often performed at the substrate or plasma boundaries and may in many cases not affect the plasma unduly. The fourth diagnostic method discussed, optical emission spectroscopy, is non-perturbing; however, interpretation of spectral response is often difficult in low-pressure plasmas where the species are not in local thermodynamic equilibrium.

1571. Herbert, T., “Atmospheric-pressure cold plasma processing technology,” in Plasma Technologies for Textiles, R. Shishoo, ed., 79-128, Woodhead Publishing, Mar 2007.

Although the power of plasma surface engineering across vast areas of industrial manufacturing, from microelectronics to medical and from optics to packaging, is demonstrated daily, plasma in the textile industry has been cynically described as the technology where anything can happen... but never does. Research into the application of plasmas to textiles goes back to the 1960s but, despite the reporting of novel and potentially commercial effects, it is only in recent years that plasma processing systems have begun to emerge into textile manufacturing in the production of specialty/high value fabrics. It is instructive to look at major criteria for the introduction of new technology into the textile market and to assess plasma processing against such criteria. They can be separated into qualifiers (must be satisfied by the new technology as a minimum) and winners (motivate take-up of the new technology by the industry). Here are ‘qualifier’criteria for new textile technologies:

1572. Stegmaier, T., A. Dinkelmann, and V. von Arnim, “Corona and dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment of textiles for technical applications,” in Plasma Technologies for Textiles, R. Shishoo, ed., 129-180, Woodhead Publishing, Mar 2007.

Growing demands on the functionality of technical textiles as well as on the environmental friendliness of finishing processes increase the interest in physically induced techniques for surface modification and coating of textiles. In general, after the application of water-based finishing systems, the textile needs to be dried. The removing of water is energy intensive and therefore expensive. In contrast to conventional wet finishing processes, a plasma treatment is a dry process. The textile stays dry and, accordingly, drying processes can be avoided and no waste water occurs. Plasma treatments represent, therefore, energy efficient and economic alternatives to classical textile finishing processes. Within plasma processes, a high reactive gaseous phase interacts with the surface of a substrate. In principle, all polymeric and natural fibres can be plasma treated. For many years, mainly low-pressure plasma processes have been developed for textile plasma treatment. However, the integration of these processes, which typically run at pressures between 0.1 and 1 mbar, into continuously and often fast-running textile production and finishing lines is complex or even impossible. In addition, due to the need for vacuum technology, low-pressure processes are expensive. The reasons why plasma processes at atmospheric pressure are advantageous for the textile industry are in detail: • The typical working width of textile machines is between 1.5 and 10 meters. Textile-suited plasma modules need to be scalable up to these dimensions, which is easier for atmospheric-pressure techniques.• Textiles have large specific surfaces compared to foils, piece goods or bulk solids. Even with strong pumps, the reduced pressure which is necessary for low pressure plasma will only be reached slowly due to the desorption of adsorbed gases.

1573. Johansson, K., “Plasma modification of natural cellulosic fibres,” in Plasma Technologies for Textiles, R. Shishoo, ed., 247-281, Woodhead Publishing, Mar 2007.

This chapter provides a general summary of the current state of knowledge of plasma modification of various natural cellulosic fibres. Much of the information reported here is taken from the references cited at the end of the chapter, which should be consulted for a more in-depth treatment. Several aspects of plasma modification of various natural cellulose fibres are thoroughly treated in a number of excellent works. [1, 2]

1574. Marcandalli, B., and C. Riccardi, “Plasma treatments of fibers and textiles,” in Plasma Technologies for Textiles, R. Shishoo, ed., 282-315, Woodhead Publishing, Mar 2007.

1662. Melamies, I.A., “A brilliant finish: A new atmospheric plasma pretreatment technology can improve the finish quality on plastics, metal and glass,” Finishing Today, (Mar 2007).

2871. Rong, X., and M. Keif, “A study of PLA printability with flexography,” Presented at 59th Annual Technical Association of Graphic Arts Technical Conference Proceedings, Mar 2007.

3018. Tavana, H., and A.W. Neumann, “Recent progress in the determination of solid surface tensions from contact angles,” Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 132, 1-32, (Mar 2007).

1556. Sabreen, S.R., “Technology developments for digital applications,” Plastics Decorating, 20-25, (Apr 2007).

1590. Bishop, C.A., “Problems relating to surface energy,” http://www.vacuumcoatingblog.co.uk, Apr 2007.

1923. Bousquet, A., G. Pannier, E. Ibarboure, E. Papon, and J. Rodriguez-Hernandez, “Control of the surface properties of polymer blends,” J. Adhesion, 83, 335-349, (Apr 2007).

We report on the preparation of amphiphilic diblock copolymers containing a hydrophilic segment, poly(acrylic acid)(PAA), and a polystyrene hydrophobic part. We analysed, by means of contact-angle measurements, how the hydrophilic segments usually bury themselves under the hydrophobic when exposed to air to reduce the surface free energy of the system. In contrast, in contact with water, the hydrophilic blocks have a tendency to segregate to the interface. We first describe the parameters that control the surface reconstruction when the environmental conditions are inversed from dry air to water vapour. Then, annealing time, temperature, composition and size of the diblock copolymers, and size of the matrix that influenced the surface migration process are the main parameters also considered. Finally, the density of the carboxylic functions placed at the surface was determined using the methylene blue method.

 

<-- Previous | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | Next-->