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This table highlights the surface tension and Hansen Solubility Parameters of a variety of solvents and other liquids. An analogous table, which also includes viscosity and specific density data, can be seen here. If you are concerned with formulation problems which involve surface wetting, solubility, and viscosity control, you may wish to consult both tables. Each one can be sorted by column — just click on the column header as desired to re-order this printable table.

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Surface Tension, Hansen Solubility Parameters, Molar Volume, Enthalpy of Evaporation, and Molecular Weight of Selected Liquids

Name(1)
ascendingdescending
Mol. Formula(2)
ascendingdescending
CAS #(2)
ascendingdescending
Mol. Wt.(3)
ascendingdescending
γL (4)
ascendingdescending
Δγ/ΔΤ(5)
ascendingdescending
ΔVAPΗ(6)
ascendingdescending
Hansen Solubility Parameters(7) Molar Volume(8)
ascendingdescending
Total
ascendingdescending
δD
ascendingdescending
δP
ascendingdescending
δH
ascendingdescending
Dimethylethanolamine (2-(dimethylamino)ethanol) C4H11NO 108-01-0 89.14 51.6 -0.23 54.98 24.0 16.1 9.2 15.3 101.1
Mercury Hg 7439-97-6 200.59 474 -0.23 65.41 - - - - -
Glycerol C3H8O3 56-81-5 92.09 48.0(15) -0.22 88.75 36.1 17.4 12.1 29.3 73.3
Water H2O 7732-18-5 18.02 72.7 -0.21 43.77 47.8 15.6 16.0 42.3 18.0
Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 7722-84-1 34.02 74.0 -0.21 52.01 47.0 15.5 12.2 42.7 23.2
2-Methoxymethanol (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) C3H8O2 109-86-4 76.10 42.8 -0.20 47.16 24.8 16.2 9.2 16.4 79.1
2-Furanmethanol (furfuryl alcohol) C5H6O2 98-00-0 98.10 53.3 -0.20 60.37 24.3 17.4 7.6 15.1 86.5
Hydrazine H4N2 302-01-2 32.04 66.9 -0.19 46.14 18.7 14.2 8.3 8.9 32.1
Diiodomethane (methylene iodide) CH2I2 75-11-6 267.84 50.8(15) -0.18 49.37 19.0 17.8 3.9 5.5 80.5
Benzyl alcohol C7H8O 100-51-6 108.14 36.8 -0.18 65.62 23.8 18.4 6.3 13.7 103.6
Bromine(9) Br2 7726-95-6 159.81 41.0 -0.17 31.62 23.5 18.2 14.9 0.0 51.5
Bromine(10) Br2 7726-95-6 159.81 41.0 -0.17 31.62 18.3 18.2 2.1 0.0 51.5
Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 107-21-1 62.07 48.4 -0.17 68.95 32.9 17.0 11.0 26.0 55.8
2-Aminoethanol (ethanolamine) C2H7NO 141-43-5 61.08 48.3 -0.17 61.12 31.3 17.0 15.5 21.2 59.8
1,2-Propanediol (propylene glycol) C3H8O2 57-55-6 76.10 45.6 -0.17 70.68 30.2 16.8 9.4 23.3 73.6
1,3-Butanediol C4H10O2 107-88-0 90.12 47.1 -0.17 75.25 28.9 16.6 10.0 21.5 89.9
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride, DCM) CH2Cl2 75-09-2 84.93 27.8 -0.16 29.23 20.2 18.2 6.3 6.1 63.9
Methanoic acid (formic acid) CH2O2 64-18-6 46.03 37.7 -0.16 24.76 24.9 14.3 11.9 16.6 37.8
Formamide (methanomide) CH3NO 75-12-7 45.04 57.0 -0.15 60.15(12) 36.6 17.2 26.2 19.0 39.8
1,2-Dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride) C2H4Cl2 107-06-2 98.96 32.6 -0.15 35.05 20.8 19.0 7.4 4.1 79.4
1,4-Dioxane C4H8O2 123-91-1 88.11 32.9 -0.15 38.60(12) 20.5 19.0 1.8 7.4 85.7
Morpholine C4H9NO 110-91-8 87.12 38.8 -0.15 44.02 21.5 18.8 4.9 9.2 87.1
Diethylene glycol C4H10O3 111-46-6 106.12 55.1 -0.15 76.00 29.1 16.6 12.0 20.7 94.9
Nitromethane CH3NO2 75-52-5 61.04 36.3 -0.14 39.34 25.1 15.8 18.8 5.1 54.3
Epichlorohydrin (chloromethyloxirane) C3H5ClO 106-89-8 92.52 36.3 -0.14 42.4(14) 21.4 18.9 7.6 6.6 78.4
Tetrahydrofuran C4H8O 109-99-9 72.11 26.7 -0.14 32.47 19.4 16.8 5.7 8.0 81.7
Pyridine C5H5N 110-86-1 79.10 36.7 -0.14 40.91 21.8 19.0 8.8 5.9 80.9
Trichloromethane (chloroform) CHCl3 67-66-3 119.38 26.7 -0.13 31.68 19.0 17.8 3.1 5.7 80.7
Trichloroethylene (TCE, trichloroethene) C2HCl3 79-01-6 131.39 28.7 -0.13 35.01 19.0 18.0 3.1 5.3 90.2
Acetonitrile (ethane nitrile) C2H3N 75-05-8 41.05 28.7 -0.13 33.05 24.4 15.3 18.0 6.1 52.6
Dimethoxymethane (methylal) C3H8O2 109-87-5 76.10 18.8 -0.13 28.81 17.4 15.0 1.8 8.6 169.4
2-Ethoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether) C4H10O2 110-80-5 90.12 28.8 -0.13 48.21 23.5 16.2 9.2 14.3 97.8
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidine C5H9NO 872-50-4 99.13 44.6 -0.13 53.45 23.0 18.0 12.3 7.2 96.5
Benzene C6H6 71-43-2 78.11 28.2 -0.13 34.47 18.5 18.4 0.0 2.0 89.4
Triethanolamine C6H15NO3 102-71-6 149.19 51.5 -0.13 101.89 36.7 17.3 22.4 23.3 133.2
Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)(9) CCl4 56-23-5 153.82 26.3 -0.12 32.48 18.1 16.1 8.3 0.0 97.1
Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)(10) CCl4 56-23-5 153.82 26.3 -0.12 32.48 17.8 17.8 0.0 0.6 97.1
1,1,1-Trichlorethane (methyl chloroform) C2H3Cl3 71-55-6 133.40 25.0 -0.12 32.50 17.5 16.8 4.3 2.0 99.3
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) C2H6OS 67-68-5 78.13 42.9 -0.12 51.96 26.7 18.4 16.4 10.2 71.3
Acrylonitrile (ethenylnitrile) C3H3N 107-13-1 53.06 26.7 -0.12 34.15 21.6 16.0 12.8 6.8 67.1
Acetone (propanone) C3H6O 67-64-1 58.08 23.0 -0.12 32.19 19.9 15.5 10.4 7.0 74.0
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 79-20-9 74.08 24.5 -0.12 32.53 18.7 15.5 7.2 7.6 79.7
Ethyl acetate (ethyl ethanoate) C4H8O2 141-78-6 88.11 23.2 -0.12 35.66 18.1 15.8 5.3 7.2 98.5
Diethyl ether (ethoxyethane) C4H10O 60-29-7 74.12 16.7 -0.12 27.73 15.8 14.5 2.9 5.1 104.8
Propyl acetate (propyl ethanoate) C5H10O2 109-60-4 102.13 23.9 -0.12 39.99 17.6 15.3 4.3 7.6 115.3
Cyclohexanone C6H10O 108-94-1 98.14 34.4 -0.12 44.90 19.6 17.8 6.3 5.1 104.0
Cyclohexane C6H12 110-82-7 84.16 24.7 -0.12 33.69 16.8 16.8 0.0 0.2 108.7
Benzonitrile C7H5N 100-47-0 103.12 38.8 -0.12 54.73 19.9 17.4 9.0 3.3 102.6
Benzaldehyde C7H6O 100-52-7 106.12 38.3 -0.12 50.75 21.4 19.4 7.4 5.3 101.5
Toluene C7H81 08-88-3 92.13 27.9 -0.12 38.34 18.2 18.0 1.4 2.0 106.8
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) C3H7NO 68-12-2 73.09 34.4 -0.11 46.91 24.9 17.4 13.7 11.3 77.0
2-Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) C4H8O 78-93-3 72.11 24.0 -0.11 34.79(12) 19.1 16.0 9.0 5.1 90.1
1,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether) C4H10O2 110-71-4 90.12 20.0 -0.11 35.24 17.7 15.4 6.3 6.0 103.9
Methyl methacrylate C5H8O2 80-62-6 100.12 24.2 -0.11 39.47 17.9 15.8 6.5 5.4 106.1
Isopropyl acetate (isopropyl ethanoate) C5H10O2 108-21-4 102.13 22.3 -0.11 36.84 17.6 14.9 4.5 8.2 117.1
1,2-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 95-50-1 147.00 35.7 -0.11 49.07 20.5 19.2 6.3 3.3 112.8
Aniline C6H7N 62-53-3 93.13 42.4 -0.11 55.81 22.6 19.4 5.1 10.2 91.5
Cyclohexanol C6H12O 108-93-0 100.16 33.4 -0.11 60.71 22.4 17.4 4.1 13.5 106.0
Butyl acetate C6H12O2 123-86-4 116.16 24.8 -0.11 43.48 17.4 15.8 3.7 6.3 132.5
2-Butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) C6H14O2 111-76-2 118.17 26.6 -0.11 56.54 20.8 16.0 5.1 12.3 131.6
2-Heptanone (methyl n-amyl ketone) C7H14O 110-43-0 114.18 26.1 -0.11 47.50 17.7 16.2 5.7 4.1 139.8
Styrene (phenylethene) C8H8 100-42-5 104.15 32.0 -0.11 49.8(13) 19.0 18.6 1.0 4.1 115.6
Acetophenone (1-phenylethanone) C8H8O 98-86-2 120.15 39.0 -0.11 53.69 21.7 19.6 8.6 3.7 117.4
Ethylbenzene C8H10 100-41-4 106.17 28.6 -0.11 42.41 17.9 17.8 0.6 1.4 123.1
o-Xylene C8H10 95-47-6 106.17 29.6 -0.11 43.73 18.0 17.8 1.0 3.1 121.2
p-Xylene C8H10 106-42-3 106.17 27.9 -0.11 41.87 17.9 17.6 1.0 3.1 123.2
Acetic acid (ethanoic acid) C2H4O2 64-19-7 60.05 27.0 -0.10 26.94 21.4 14.5 8.0 13.5 57.1
4-Methyl-2-pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) C6H12O 108-10-1 100.16 23.5 -0.10 42.44 17.0 15.3 6.1 4.1 125.8
2-Methylpropyl ethanoate (isobutyl acetate) C6H12O2 110-19-0 116.16 23.0 -0.10 41.87 16.8 15.1 3.7 6.3 133.5
3-Methylphenol (m-Cresol) C7H8O 108-39-4 108.14 35.8 -0.10 63.36 22.7 18.0 5.1 12.9 104.7
n-Heptane C7H16 142-85-5 100.21 19.8 -0.10 36.48 15.3 15.3 0.0 0.0 147.4
Isophorone C9H14O 78-59-1 138.21 35.5 -0.10 53.41 19.9 16.6 8.2 7.4 150.5
1-Bromonaphthalene C10H7Br 90-11-9 207.07 44.4 -0.10 65.60 20.9 20.3 3.1 4.1 140.0
Dibutyl phthalate C16H22O4 84-74-2 278.35 37.4 -0.10 98.66 20.2 17.8 8.6 4.1 266.0
Silicon tetrachloride SiCl4 10026-04-7 169.90 18.8 -0.10 29.68 - - - - -
Octanoic acid (caprylic acid) C8H16O2 124-07-2 144.21 27.9 -0.09 82.04 17.5 15.1 3.3 8.2 159.0
Hexadecane C16H34 544-76-3 226.44 27.1 -0.09 77.17 16.3 16.3 0.0 0.0 294.1
Methanol (methyl alcohol) CH4O 67-56-1 32.04 22.1 -0.08 37.96 29.6 15.1 12.3 22.3 40.7
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) C2H6O 64-17-5 46.07 22.0 -0.08 42.32(12) 26.5 15.8 8.8 19.4 58.5
1-Propanol (n-propanol, n-propyl alcohol) C3H8O 71-23-8 60.10 20.9 -0.08 47.45(12) 24.6 16.0 6.8 17.4 75.2
2-Propanol (isopropyl alcohol) C3H8O 67-63-0 60.10 23.3 -0.08 48.68 23.6 15.8 6.1 16.4 76.8
1-Butanol (n-butyl alcohol) C4H10O 71-36-3 74.12 25.0 -0.08 49.58 23.2 16.0 5.7 15.8 91.5
2-Butanol (sec-butanol) C4H10O 78-92-2 74.12 22.6 -0.08 49.25 22.2 15.8 5.7 14.5 92.0
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP, dioctyl phthalate) C24H38O4 117-84-0 390.56 31.1 -0.08 117.45 18.4 16.6 7.0 3.1 377.0
2-Methylpropyl alcohol (isobutanol) C4H10O 78-83-1 74.12 22.6 -0.07 51.23 22.7 15.1 5.7 15.9 92.8
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol C8H18O 104-76-7 130.23 27.7 -0.06 68.75 20.1 15.9 3.3 11.8 156.6
Propylene carbonate C4H6O3 108-32-7 102.09 40.9(11) - - 27.2 20.0 18.0 4.1 85.0
Phenoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monophenyl ether) C8H10O2 122-99-6 138.16 - - - 23.5 17.8 5.7 14.3 125.3
Dioctyl hexanedioate (dioctyl adipate) C22H42O4 103-23-1 370.57 - - - 17.6 16.7 2.0 5.1 400.0

(1) Choice of nomenclature is one of the most difficult tasks in assembling any table of chemical data, especially one containing a variety of hydrocarbons that have become widely known by non-scientific names. We have generally used IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature as the primary name; synonyms in common use are also included — sometimes these are shown as the primary name, depending on common usage. In a very few cases, the IUPAC designation is quite technical, and not widely used in industry, and so has been left out of this table entirely. It is always best to reference CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) numbers to make sure the correct material is being evaluated.To top of page

(2) Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted.To top of page

(3) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, David R. Lide, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2004, except as noted.To top of page

(4) Surface tension (γL), mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm) @ 25oC (298.15 K): Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted.To top of page

(5) Change in surface tension (in mJ/m2) per degree Celsius (Kelvin). Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted. NOTE — extending this value over a temperature range beyond 10oC to 40oC (283.15K to 313.5K) or across a change of state may result in significant error for some liquids.To top of page

(6) Enthalpy of vaporization, kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) @ 25oC (298.15 K): Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted.To top of page

(7) MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 25oC (298.15 K): Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Edition, Charles M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007, except as noted. The total solubility parameter is the geometric mean of the three components dD (from non-polar, or dispersion interactions), dP (from polar attraction), and dH (from hydrogen bonding). This data is a combination of calculated values and experimentally confirmed values; refer to the original source for detailed information, including notes regarding the use of group contributions vs. dipole moments for polar contribution calculations.To top of page

(8) Cubic centimeters @ 25oC (298.15 K): Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Edition, Charles M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007, except as noted.To top of page

(9) Polar component calculated from group contributions.To top of page

(10) Polar component calculated from dipole moment.To top of page

(11) @ 25oC: http://www.huntsman.com/performance_products/Media/JEFFSOL_Alkylene_Carbonates_(brochure).pdf.To top of page

(12) @ 25oC: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, David R. Lide, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2004.To top of page

(13) @ 25oC: http://www.lyondell.com/lyondell/techlit/techlit/3284.pdf. (This data was estimated from a graph showing heat of vaporization vs. temperature.)To top of page

(14) @ 25oC: http://www.dow.com/PublishedLiterature/dh_0100/0901b80380100836.pdf?filepath=epoxy/pdfs/noreg/296-01301.pdf?fromPage=GetDoc.To top of page

(15) @ 20oC: Interfacial Forces in Aqueous Media, 2nd Edition, Carel J. Van Oss, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2006.To top of page

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