Surface Free Energy Components by Polar/Dispersion and Acid—Base Analyses; and Hansen Solubility Parameters for Various Polymers

  Polar/Dispersion Acid-Base Hansen Parameters
Name(1) CAS #(2) γS(3) γSd(4) γSP(5) γS(6) γSLW(7) γSAB(8) γS+ (9) γS- (10) δ(11) δD(12) δP(13) δH(14) Ro(15)
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
9003-56-9 43.6 35.8 8.0 38.6 39.4 -0.8 0.9 3.7 19.2 17.0 5.7 6.8 9.4
    4.83(5) 2.77(5) 2.55(5) 4.81(2) 0.00(2) 4.88(2) 0.14(2) 2.76(2) 0.92(2) 4.17(2) 0.49(2) 2.19(2)
Aluminum foil (b)
7429-90-5 41.2 31.7 9.5 - - - - - - - - - -
    2.47(2) 0.57(2) 1.91(2)
Amorphous fluoropolymer (Teflon AF)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Aramid (Kevlar)
26125-61-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Cellophane
9005-81-6 45.4 29.8 15.6 - - - - - 28.5 16.1 18.5 14.5 7.3
    -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Cellulose acetate (CA)
9004-35-7 42.0 31.0 11.1 43.5 39.0 4.5 0.3 22.2 23.5 17.1 13.1 9.4 10.6
    5.44(2) 1.84(2) 3.61(2) 6.42(4) 4.20(4) 3.25(4) 0.33(4) 2.71(4) 1.58(4) 4.41(4) 3.81(4) 2.96(4)
Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)
9004-36-8 - - - - - - - - 22.2 17.2 13.8 2.8 12.6
    -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Cellulose triacetate
9012-09-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Eicosane
112-95-8 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Epoxies
- 45.0 37.2 7.8 - - - - - 24.1 19.2 10.9 9.6 11.1
    4.63(5) 4.68(5) 7.00(5) 2.53(13) 2.37(13) 2.66(13) 3.98(13)
Ethyl cellulose
9004-57-3 - - - 28.6 27.4 1.2 0.04 8.6 20.4 19.0 5.6 4.9 7.9
    -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) 1.56(2) 1.84(2) 1.41(2) 2.83(2)
Ethyl methacrylate (EMA)
97-63-2 42.0 38.8 3.2 - - - - - - - - - -
    1.06(2) 0.42(2) 0.64(2)
Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM)
25038-36-2 35.5 29.7 5.8 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Fluorinated ethylene polypropylene (FEP)
25067-11-2 19.9 17.1 2.8 17.9 17.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.6 19.0 4.0 3.0 4.0
    2.90(3) 2.66(3) 2.51(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Hexatriacontane
630-06-8 23.7 23.6 0.1 - - - - - - - - - -
    6.71(3) 6.78(3) 0.12(3)
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, ethylene glycol monoacrylate)
867-77-9 56.8 36.3 20.5 - - - - - - - - - -
    1.20(2) 0.49(2) 0.71(2)
Nafion
31175-20-9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate)
9004-70-0 - - - 45.1 44.8 0.3 0.01 13.3 23.5 16.2 14.1 9.5 10.7
    0.14(2) 0.21(2) 0.35(2) 0.01(2) 3.75(2) 1.06(2) 0.85(2) 1.06(2) 1.13(2)
Nylon 2 (polyglycine)
25718-94-9 50.1 27.9 22.2 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Nylon 4
24938-56-5 48.5 27.8 20.7 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Nylon 6 (polycaprolactum, aramid 6)
25038-54-4 42.7 33.1 9.6 45.3 42.5 2.8 0.2 9.6 20.3 17.0 3.4 10.6 5.1
    6.08(2) 2.69(2) 3.39(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Nylon 6,6
32131-17-2 44.8 36.3 9.8 40.2 36.9 3.3 1.5 12.1 25.8 17.2 9.9 16.5 4.4
    3.07(8) 5.63(9) 4.03(8) 3.61(2) 0.71(2) 2.90(2) 2.11(2) 13.5(2) 1.11 1.10 6.80 1.24
Nylon 6,10
9008-66-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Nylon 6,12
24936-74-1 67.0 62.0 4.7 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Nylon 7,7
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Nylon 8,8
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Nylon 9,9
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Nylon 10,10
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Nylon 11
25587-80-8 - - - - - - - - 20.5 17.0 4.4 10.6 5.1
    -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Nylon 12
24937-16-4 38.2 33.1 5.2 41.3 37.0 4.3 0.6 7.6 22.2 18.5 8.1 9.1 6.3
    3.46(2) 3.96(2) 0.42(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Paraffin
8002-74-2 28.1 28.1 0.0 - - - - - - - - - -
    3.71(7) 3.71(7) 0.00(7)
Phenoxy resin
26402-79-9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polyacetylene (polyethyne)
- 51.5 48.2 3.4 - - - - - - - - - -
    0.71(2) 1.77(2) 1.06(2)
Polyacrylamide
9003-05-8 52.3 26.5 25.8 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
25014-41-9 - - - - - - - - 27.4 21.7 14.1 9.1 10.9
    -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Poly(L-alanine)
25191-17-7 45.2 36.0 9.2 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polybenzyl methacrylate
25085-83-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
29658-26-2 42.1 36.2 5.9 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyetherimide (PEI)
61128-46-9 - - - - - - - - 19.8 17.7 6.0 6.4 4.8
    1.07(5) 1.14(5) 2.43(5) 1.70(5)
Polyethersulfone (PES)
25154-01-2 47.0 40.0 7.0 - - - - - 21.0 18.3 8.2 6.4 6.3
    -(1) -(1) -(1) 0.91(6) 3.10(6) 2.33(6) 2.61(6)
Polyethyl acrylate (PEA)
9003-32-1 37.0 30.6 6.4 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA)
9003-42-3 35.9 26.9 9.0 - - - - - 20.0 17.5 8.5 4.7 9.6
    -(1) -(1) -(1) 1.34(3) 0.62(3) 3.82(3) 1.99(3)
Poly 2-ethylhexyl acrylate
9003-77-4 30.1 28.9 1.3 - - - - - - - - - -
    0.90(3) 1.57(3) 0.78(3)
Poly 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate
25719-51-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polyethylene (PE)
9002-88-4 34.2 32.8 1.4 31.7 31.5 0.2 0.1 0.9 17.6 16.8 3.8 3.8 6.6
    2.45(19) 2.89(19) 1.73(19) 2.86(10) 2.93(10) 0.27(10) 0.19(10) 1.39(10) 0.88(7) 1.94(7) 2.52(7) 2.84(7)
Polyethylene oxide (PEO, PEG, polyethylene glycol)
25322-68-3 42.8 30.8 12.1 45.1 44.3 0.8 0.02 58.0 - - - - -
    0.07(2) 0.21(2) 0.14(2) 1.59(4) 1.34(4) 1.60(4) 0.03(4) 10.2(4)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
25038-59-9 43.7 36.6 7.2 45.3 42.6 1.8 0.3 3.7 20.8 18.7 6.3 6.7 6.5
    3.42(16) 4.64(16) 3.42(16) 0.78(2) 2.83(2) 0.71(2) 0.21(2) 1.06(2) 1.25(8) 2.03(8) 2.80(8) 3.36(8)
Poly(heptadecafluorooctyl methacrylate)
- 15.3 13.9 1.4 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Poly(heptafluoroisopropyl acrylate)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Poly(heptafluoroisopropyl methacrylate)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Poly(hexachlorobutadiene)
- 41.5 40.7 0.8 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Poly(hexafluoropropylene)
- 14.9 13.6 1.3 - - - - - - - - - -
    2.10(3) 1.48(3) 1.55(3)
Poly(hexyl methacrylate)
25087-17-6 30.0 27.6 2.5 - - - - - - - - - -
    0.00(2) 0.78(2) 0.78(2)
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
24249-16-5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polyimide (PI)
25038-81-7 47.0 38.2 8.8 44.0 42.5 1.5 0.1 6.0 - - - - -
    8.49(2) 16.8(2) 8.27(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyisobutylene (PIB, butyl (rubber)
9003-27-4 33.6 33.6 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.1 16.4 1.7 4.7 7.9
    -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) 1.26(6) 2.15(6) 2.08(6) 2.46(6)
Polyisoprene (PIP)
9003-31-0 - - - - - - - - 18.4 18.1 2.4 2.3 10.3
    2.32(3) 1.40(3) 2.66(3) 3.40(3)
Polylauryl methacrylate
25719-52-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polymethacrylonitrile (PMAN)
25067-61-2 - - - - - - - - 23.7 17.2 14.4 7.6 3.8
    -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polymethyl acrylate (PMA)
25087-26-7 41.4 35.6 5.8 - - - - - - - - - -
    0.85(4) 4.12(4) 4.45(4)
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic, plexiglas)
9011-14-7 43.5 35.9 7.8 42.2 41.6 0.6 0.0 11.1 21.3 17.9 10.1 5.4 11.0
    2.88(14) 4.09(13) 3.79(13) 2.97(11) 2.36(11) 0.89(11) 0.04(11) 5.84(11) 1.37(5) 4.46(5) 3.73(5) 4.63(5)
Poly(4-methyl pentene-1)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Poly a-methyl styrene
25014-31-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polymethylphenylsiloxane
9005-12-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polymethylphenylsilylene
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Poly(nonafluoroisobutyl acrylate)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polyoctyl methacrylate
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polyoxymethylene (POM, polyacetal, polymethylene oxide)
24969-26-4 39.0 26.2 12.8 - - - - - - - - - -
    7.99(2) 6.15(2) 1.84(2)
Polyphenyl methacrylate
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polyphenylene oxide (PPO)
25134-01-4 46.0 36.0 10.0 - - - - - 20.1 17.9 3.1 8.5 8.6
    -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)
26125-40-6 46.8 44.0 2.8 - - - - - 19.8 18.7 5.3 3.7 6.7
    3.29(3) 3.50(3) 0.71(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Poly(phosphazene)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Poly n-propyl methacrylate
2210-79-9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polypropylene (PP)
(a) 30.1 27.7 2.4 32.0 31.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 18.0 17.7 2.9 1.2 6.2
    2.42(11) 2.46(11) 2.45(11) 3.99(8) 3.56(8) 0.76(8) 0.45(8) 0.76(8) 0.46(2) 2.80(2) 1.71(2) 1.76(2)
Polypropylene glycol (PPG, polypropylene oxide)
25322-69-4 31.7 31.3 0.4 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polypropylene isophthalate
- 49.3 35.1 14.2 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polystearyl methacrylate
25639-21-8 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polystyrene (PS)
9003-53-6 41.7 37.0 5.0 36.9 37.9 -0.9 0.1 2.2 23.9 22.8 5.8 4.3 12.7
    1.24(8) 3.47(9) 2.84(8) 5.80(3) 4.32(3) 1.68(3) 0.20(3) 2.72(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polysulfone (PSU)
25135-51-7 46.6 30.4 16.2 - - - - - 21.5 18.5 8.5 7.0 9.4
    -(1) -(1) -(1) 2.17(3) 2.61(3) 1.12(3) 1.69(3)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
9002-84-0 22.2 21.3 0.9 20.8 19.9 0.9 0.1 1.6 16.7 16.2 1.8 3.4 3.9
    2.54(9) 2.71(10) 0.96(9) 0.99(2) 0.35(2) 1.34(2) 0.20(2) 2.26(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF)
25190-06-1 31.9 27.2 4.7 - - - - - - - - - -
    0.00(2) 0.28(2) 0.28(2)
Polytetramethylene oxide
- 31.9 27.4 4.5 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polytrifluoroethylene
24980-67-4 27.5 22.0 5.4 25.4 23.1 2.3 1.8 0.7 - - - - -
    3.65(3) 2.10(3) 3.20(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyurethanes
- 39.3 30.8 8.6 30.0 30.9 -0.9 0.02 10.0 22.8 18.8 10.0 8.2 9.8
    2.60(8) 3.63(8) 3.95(8) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) 1.53(11) 2.54(11) 3.09(11) 3.48(11)
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)
9003-20-7 37.7 24.8 13.0 44.5 42.6 1.9 0.04 22.3 25.7 20.9 11.3 9.7 13.7
    2.89(5) 1.65(5) 1.53(5) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)
25213-24-5 - - - 42.0 42.0 0.0 0.0 37.0 25.2 14.7 14.1 14.9 10.5
    -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) 2.51(4) 2.13(4) 2.18(4) 1.38(4)
Polyvinyl butyral
63148-65-2 - - - - - - - - 24.6 19.1 9.5 12.2 10.0
    0.92(3) 4.50(3) 1.65(3) 1.53(3)
Polyvinyl butyrate
- 31.1 25.8 5.3 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
9002-86-2 40.1 37.4 2.8 39.8 38.7 1.0 0.1 3.1 20.0 16.8 8.9 6.1 8.5
    3.80(9) 3.93(10) 2.36(9) 4.76(6) 4.33(6) 0.96(6) 0.15(6) 2.31(6) 1.65(5) 1.95(5) 1.78(5) 3.94(5)
Polyvinyl decanoate
- 28.9 27.1 1.8 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl dodecanoate
- 29.1 27.8 1.3 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl ethyl ether (polyethoxyethylene)
25104-37-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)
24981-14-4 38.6 34.0 4.6 37.5 35.6 1.9 2.8 6.0 - - - - -
    2.85(5) 5.72(5) 4.38(5) 1.30(3) 2.08(3) 0.85(3) 4.73(3) 6.62(3)
Polyvinyl formal
63450-15-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
Polyvinyl hexadecanoate
- 30.9 29.8 1.1 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl hexanoate
- 28.9 25.1 3.8 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl octanoate
- 28.7 26.5 2.2 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl proprionate
25035-84-1 34.0 26.5 7.5 - - - - - - - - - -
    -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)
9003-39-8 - - - 46.0 43.4 2.6 0.2 22.5 - - - - -
    3.61(2) 0.00(2) 3.61(2) 0.28(2) 10.2(2)
Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC, Saran)
9002-85-1 45.3 40.4 4.9 40.3 40.4 -0.1 0.0 2.6 23.1 19.0 9.6 9.0 5.8
    0.38(4) 2.93(4) 2.91(4) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) 1.98(2) 0.64(2) 1.70(2) 2.62(2)

(a) Atactic PP CAS #9003-08-0; isotactic PP CAS #25085-53-4To top of page

(b) Aluminum foil, while obviously not a polymer, is included due to its widespread use in package converting and other industries.To top of page

 

(1) Names which are most widely used to describe the material or family of materials (e.g., polyurethanes and epoxies) at hand are preferred here. Commonly used acronyms and synonyms are also shown.To top of page

(2) CAS (Chemical Abstract Series) numbers are shown where available. In a number of instances, more than one CAS number is assigned to a given polymer — in some cases the details and nuances of these divergences are not at all clear. We have tried to reference the CAS number which appears to have the widest use with reference to the solid state properties of the given polymer.To top of page

(3) γs: Total surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as reported in polar/dispersion analyses.To top of page

(4) γsd: Dispersion component of surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as reported in polar/dispersion analyses.To top of page

(5) γsp: Polar component of surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as reported in polar/dispersion analyses.To top of page

(6) γs: Total surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as reported in acid—base analyses.To top of page

(7) γsLW: Lipschitz—van der Waals (non-polar) component of surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as reported in acid—base analyses.To top of page

(8) γsAB: Lewis acid—base interaction component of surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as reported in acid—base analyses.To top of page

(9) γs-: Base polarity (electron-donor) component of surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as reported in acid—base analyses.To top of page

(10) γs+: Acid polarity (electron-acceptor) component of surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as reported in acid—base analyses. To top of page

(11) δ: Total Hansen solubility parameter (square root of the sum of squares of the average values for dispersion, polar, and hydrogen bonding components), in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(12) δD: Hansen dispersion solubility parameter, in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(13) δP: Hansen polar solubility parameter, in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(14) δH: Hansen hydrogen bonding solubility parameter, in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(15) Ro: Interaction radius. All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007. To top of page

 

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